Eating behaviours in neurodivergent children

Children who are neurodivergent, including those with autism, ADHD, or sensory processing differences, may experience eating and drinking in ways that feel very different to their peers.

These behaviours are often rooted in how they process sensory information, manage emotions, or cope with routine and uncertainty.

Here are some of the patterns parents and carers commonly notice.

Sensory sensitivities

  • refusal of foods with certain textures (for example mushy, crunchy, lumpy)
  • dislike of strong smells or temperatures (for example only eating cold food)
  • gagging or retching at certain tastes or smells
  • preference for 'beige' foods or very bland diets

Why this happens

Neurodivergent children often experience the world more intensely. Food that feels 'normal' to one child may feel overwhelming or even painful to another.

Repetitive or restricted eating

  • eating only specific brands or foods served in a certain way
  • insisting on the same meal every day (for example 'safe foods')
  • becoming distressed if their food is presented differently (for example cut in the 'wrong' shape)

Why this happens

Familiarity can reduce anxiety. Routines offer comfort and predictability, especially when the world feels chaotic or unpredictable.

Avoidance and food refusal

  • skipping meals or eating very little
  • strong resistance to trying anything new
  • only eating when distracted (for example watching TV)

Why this happens

This may be linked to sensory overload, anxiety, or difficulty identifying hunger and fullness (interoception).

Food seeking or overeating

  • constant grazing or raiding cupboards
  • eating quickly or impulsively, even to the point of discomfort
  • eating large amounts without noticing fullness

Why this happens

Some children seek oral stimulation as a form of self-regulation. Others may have difficulty with impulse control or emotional eating.

Mealtime challenges

  • finding it hard to sit still at the table
  • becoming overwhelmed by noise, smells, or visual distractions
  • meltdowns or shutdowns around food

Why this happens

Mealtimes can involve a lot of social, sensory, and emotional demands all at once. This can be exhausting or distressing for some children.

Every child is different. You might see just one of these patterns, or several at the same time. Understanding the reasons behind your child’s behaviour can help you respond in a calm, compassionate way and take the pressure off both of you.